Interneuróny

Interneuróny, also known as interneurons or association neurons, are a class of neurons found in the central nervous system that connect other neurons to each other. Unlike motor neurons, which transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, and sensory neurons, which carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, interneurons act as intermediaries. They play a crucial role in processing information and forming complex neural circuits.

Interneurons are the most abundant type of neuron in the brain, making up the vast majority of neurons in both the human and animal brains. Their primary function is to relay signals between different parts of the central nervous system. This includes transmitting signals from one interneuron to another, from sensory neurons to motor neurons, and from motor neurons to other motor neurons. This intricate network of connections allows for sophisticated information processing, learning, memory, and complex behaviors.

The structure of interneurons can vary significantly depending on their specific function and location within the nervous system. They can be short or long, have a high or low degree of branching, and use various neurotransmitters. This diversity in structure contributes to the wide range of roles they play in neural computation. For example, some interneurons are inhibitory, meaning they reduce the activity of other neurons, while others are excitatory, increasing their activity. This balance of excitation and inhibition is essential for regulating neural activity and preventing overstimulation.