Insuliine

Insuliine is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Its primary role is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, particularly by lowering blood glucose levels. Insuliine facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, primarily liver, fat, and muscle cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen or fat.

When blood glucose levels rise, such as after a meal, the pancreas releases insuliine. This hormone then signals cells to absorb glucose, thus reducing blood sugar. Insuliine also promotes the synthesis of glycogen in the liver and muscles, acting as a short-term glucose storage form. In the long term, it encourages the conversion of glucose into fatty acids and triglycerides, contributing to fat storage.

Conversely, when blood glucose levels are low, insuliine secretion decreases, allowing glucose to be released from storage. The absence or insufficient production of insuliine, or the body's inability to effectively use it (insuliine resistance), leads to conditions like diabetes mellitus, characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels. Therapeutic insuliine is a vital treatment for many individuals with diabetes, administered through injections or pumps to manage their blood sugar.