Injustering

Injustering, commonly translated as misalignment, is a condition in which two or more components in a system are not aligned as intended. It is routinely discussed in mechanical engineering, rotatory drive systems, and precision instrumentation, where even small deviations can degrade performance, increase wear, and shorten service life.

Two primary forms are typically distinguished: angular misalignment, where the axes of the components meet at an angle, and parallel (offset) misalignment, where the axes remain parallel but are displaced laterally. A system can exhibit a combination of both types, especially after installation or during thermal cycling.

Causes include manufacturing tolerances, improper installation, foundation settling, thermal expansion, and wear or damage to bearings and couplings. Misalignment can also arise from changes in load, vibration, or repeated maintenance that alters mounting positions.

Consequences depend on the application but common effects in rotating equipment are increased bearing loads, excessive vibration, noise, energy losses, accelerated wear, and reduced efficiency. In optical or measurement setups, misalignment can reduce throughput and precision, distort images, and introduce errors in readings.

Detection and correction rely on alignment procedures and measurement tools such as dial indicators, laser shaft alignment systems, straight edges, and precision levels. Preventive strategies include proper mounting tolerances, rigid foundations, shims or adjustable feet, flexible couplings, and regular alignment checks, especially after maintenance or thermal cycles.