Infektiokoliitti

Infektiokoliitti refers to inflammation of the colon caused by an infection. This infection can be due to various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Common bacterial culprits include Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. Viral infections such as norovirus and rotavirus are also frequent causes, particularly in children. Parasitic infections, though less common in developed countries, can also lead to this condition.

Symptoms of infektiokoliitti typically include diarrhea, which may be watery or bloody, abdominal pain, cramping, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The severity of symptoms can vary widely depending on the causative agent and the individual's immune system. Dehydration is a potential complication, especially in young children and the elderly.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation and confirmed through stool sample analysis. These tests can identify the specific pathogen responsible for the infection. Treatment for infektiokoliitti is primarily supportive, focusing on rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In cases of bacterial infections, antibiotics may be prescribed, although they are not always necessary and can sometimes prolong the shedding of certain bacteria. Viral infections are generally self-limiting and do not require specific antiviral treatment. Prevention strategies include good hygiene practices, such as thorough handwashing, and safe food handling.