Infekt

Infekt is the process by which a host is invaded by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, leading to tissue damage and disease. The term is used in many languages to denote infection. Not every exposure to a microbe results in an infection; the outcome depends on the virulence of the organism and the host's immune defenses.

Infections arise when pathogens breach barriers and multiply within tissues, provoking an immune response. Transmission can occur through direct contact, respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, vectors, or invasive medical procedures. Clinical presentation varies with the organism and affected site and ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to localized inflammation or systemic illness.

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by laboratory tests such as cultures, polymerase chain reaction, serology, and imaging. Treatment is pathogen-specific: antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for viruses, antifungals for fungi, and antiparasitics for parasites. In all cases, appropriate timing and antimicrobial stewardship are important to reduce adverse effects and resistance.

Prevention includes vaccination where available, hygiene practices, safe food handling, safe sex, and vector control. Infection control measures in healthcare settings reduce hospital-acquired infections. Epidemiology studies the incidence and spread of infections to guide public health interventions and policy.