Infasurf

Infasurf is a brand name for calfactant, a natural bovine-derived surfactant used to treat or prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in preterm infants. It is a ready-to-use suspension derived from calf lung tissue and is administered intratracheally during neonatal resuscitation or stabilization.

Composition and function: Infasurf contains phospholipids and surfactant proteins B and C. When instilled, it spreads along the alveolar surfaces and lowers surface tension, improving lung compliance and oxygenation, and helping to prevent alveolar collapse at end expiration.

Indication and usage: Indicated for treatment of NRDS in preterm infants with surfactant deficiency; prophylaxis in infants at high risk of RDS may be considered per clinical guidelines. Dosing is weight-based and given by intratracheal instillation via an endotracheal tube, often in multiple aliquots. Ventilation support is typically continued after administration, and repeat dosing may be required if RDS persists or recurs.

Safety and regulatory: Adverse effects can include transient hypoxia or bradycardia during administration, airway obstruction, pulmonary hemorrhage, fever, and desaturation. Rare hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Contraindications include conditions that make intratracheal administration unsafe, such as severe air leak or certain congenital anomalies; specifics vary by protocol and regulatory guidance.

History and context: Infasurf was developed in the late 1990s as a natural calf lung surfactant and has been used in neonatal care in many countries. It is one of several exogenous surfactants used to treat or prevent NRDS, alongside other brands derived from animal sources.