Inervasi

Inervasi, or innervation, refers to the nerve supply that connects a tissue or organ to the nervous system. It encompasses the network of nerve fibers that provide motor signals to muscles and sensory input from tissues such as skin, organs, and blood vessels. Innervation enables voluntary movement, reflex actions, and the regulation of involuntary processes through neural control.

Nerve supply is commonly categorized by function into somatic and autonomic innervation. Somatic innervation governs voluntary skeletal muscle activity and provides conscious sensory information, such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. Autonomic innervation regulates involuntary functions and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic components, which coordinate processes like heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity without conscious effort.

Patterns of innervation vary across tissues. Some organs receive dense autonomic innervation through nerve plexuses, while others rely on direct connections from nerves or localized receptor networks. The skin is organized into dermatomes that reflect sensory innervation from specific spinal nerves. In muscles and organs, specific motor or sensory pathways determine functional outcomes and responses to stimuli.

Clinically, innervation is central to understanding nerve injuries, neuropathies, and conditions that affect sensory or motor function. Denervation can lead to muscle atrophy and altered sensation, while reinnervation and nerve repair strategies seek to restore function. Knowledge of innervation is also essential in surgical planning, pain management, and treatments that target neural pathways.