Indica

Indica is a term used in cannabis science and horticulture to describe a group of Cannabis plants traditionally linked to the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions. Historically described by botanists as Cannabis indica, the designation has been interpreted differently over time; many contemporary classifications treat indica as a variety or cultivar group within Cannabis sativa, while others recognize it as a separate species. Genetic studies have shown substantial overlap between what are labeled indica and sativa, and hybridization is common.

Morphology and cultivation: Indica plants are typically shorter and more compact than sativa types, with broader leaves and a shorter, faster flowering cycle. These traits suited cooler, shorter growing seasons and outdoor cultivation in higher latitudes, though modern varieties are widely grown indoors.

Uses and effects: In popular cannabis culture, indica strains are associated with a relaxing, body-centered effect, sometimes described as sedating or analgesic. Sativa strains are linked to more energetic, cerebral effects; but effects vary with cannabinoid and terpene profiles, and hybrid varieties common today blur these distinctions.

Geographic and economic notes: Indica landraces originate in the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and nearby regions, but many commercial varieties are hybrids of indica and sativa type genetics. Markets regulate cannabis products through cannabinoid content, not taxonomy alone.