Indapamiid

Indapamiid is a term that is not widely used in pharmacology literature and may refer, in practice, to indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. If encountered, the spelling indapamiid most likely denotes indapamide or a regional variant of the same compound.

Indapamide is a sulfonamide-derived diuretic that acts primarily by inhibiting the Na+/Cl− symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, promoting the excretion of sodium and water. In addition to this tubular effect, it has a direct vasodilatory action on blood vessels, which contributes to lowering blood pressure beyond the diuretic mechanism. This combination makes it useful for controlling hypertension and for managing edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.

Administration is by mouth, and indapamide is typically given in a low-dose regimen. It is available in regular and sometimes extended-release formulations. Pharmacokinetically, it is well absorbed after ingestion, with metabolism primarily in the liver and elimination through the kidneys and biliary route. The duration of action supports once-daily dosing in many regimens.

Adverse effects commonly include electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hyponatremia, dehydration, dizziness, and, less commonly, hyperglycemia or photosensitivity. It can interact with other antihypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and agents affecting electrolyte balance or lithium levels. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to sulfonamides and significant kidney impairment; caution is advised in gout, diabetes, pregnancy, and in patients taking other diuretic or antihypertensive therapies.

See also: indapamide, diuretics, hypertension.