Incrusted

Incrusted is a term used to describe something that is covered or decorated with a hard, often brittle layer of material. This layer can be formed naturally or through artificial means. In geology, incrustation refers to the deposition of mineral matter on a surface, such as the formation of mineral crusts on rocks or the coating of shells by sediments. This process can occur through precipitation from solutions, evaporation of liquids, or the action of organisms. Examples include caliche, a type of crust formed by calcium carbonate accumulation in arid soils, or travertine, a rock deposited by mineral springs.

In culinary contexts, incrusted refers to food that has been coated with a layer of ingredients, typically breadcrumbs, nuts, or seeds, before cooking. This coating often provides a crispy texture and adds flavor to the dish. Common examples include herb-crusted fish or breaded cutlets. The incrustation can be applied directly to the food or adhere via a binder like egg or oil.

The term can also be used metaphorically. For instance, an idea might be described as "incrusted" with tradition, suggesting it is heavily layered with established customs or beliefs. Similarly, a surface might be described as incrusted with dirt or grime, indicating a thick accumulation of unwanted material. The core meaning remains consistent: a surface or object being covered by a distinct, often solid, layer.