Incotermstingimused

Incoterms are a set of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) that clarify the tasks, costs, and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. They are used in international and domestic trade contracts to specify the obligations of sellers and buyers. Incoterms are intended to reduce or eliminate misunderstandings arising from different interpretations of trade terms in different countries.

There are currently 11 Incoterms rules, divided into two categories based on the mode of transport. The first category applies to any mode or modes of transport. These include EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier), CPT (Carriage Paid To), CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To), DAP (Delivered at Place), DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded), and DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). The second category is specifically for sea and inland waterway transport. These are FAS (Free Alongside Ship), FOB (Free On Board), CFR (Cost and Freight), and CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight).

Each Incoterm rule defines the responsibilities of the seller and buyer concerning: delivery of goods, transfer of risk, distribution of costs, and export/import clearance. For example, EXW places the minimum obligation on the seller, who only needs to make the goods available at their premises. Conversely, DDP places the maximum obligation on the seller, who is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer's premises, including paying all duties and taxes. Understanding the specific Incoterm chosen for a transaction is crucial for all parties involved to manage logistics, costs, and liabilities effectively.