Immúnbólglóbulínum

Immúnbólglóbulínum, also known as immunoglobulins or antibodies, are Y-shaped protein molecules produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes. They are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, playing a vital role in defending the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Each immunoglobulin molecule is designed to recognize and bind to a specific antigen, which is a unique molecular structure found on the surface of these foreign substances. This binding action can neutralize the pathogen directly or flag it for destruction by other immune cells. There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, each with distinct functions and locations within the body.

IgG is the most abundant class in the blood and is crucial for fighting infections and providing long-term immunity. IgM is the first antibody produced during an initial infection and is important for early defense. IgA is found in bodily secretions like saliva, tears, and breast milk, protecting mucosal surfaces. IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells, acting as a receptor. IgE is involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

The production of immúnbólglóbulínum is a complex process that involves the activation of B cells, their differentiation into plasma cells, and the subsequent secretion of antibodies. This humoral immunity is essential for maintaining health and is the basis for vaccination strategies. Deficiencies in immunoglobulin production can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.