Immuunihyökkäys

Immuunihyökkäys, also known as immune attack or immune response, is the process by which the body's immune system defends itself against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This complex system involves a coordinated effort of various cells, tissues, and organs. When a pathogen enters the body, it is recognized as foreign by specialized immune cells. This triggers an immune response, which can be broadly categorized into two types: innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense. It is a rapid, non-specific response that includes physical barriers like skin, as well as cellular responses such as inflammation and the action of phagocytes, which engulf and destroy pathogens. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is a slower but highly specific response. It involves the production of antibodies by B cells and the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or help regulate the immune response.

The goal of an immuunihyökkäys is to eliminate the threat and restore homeostasis. While generally beneficial, an overactive or misdirected immune response can lead to autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of immuunihyökkäys is crucial for developing treatments for infections and immune-related disorders.