Immunoproteiinit

Immunoproteiinit are proteins that participate in the immune system’s defense against pathogens and other threats. They can be produced by immune cells such as B cells and T cells, or by other tissues in response to infection, injury, or inflammation. Immunoproteiinit mediate recognition, signaling, effector functions, and the regulation of immune responses.

Major categories include antibodies (immunoglobulins) that bind specific antigens; components of the complement system that amplify immune reactions and help clear microbes; cytokines and chemokines that coordinate cell communication and trafficking; and various receptors and signaling molecules that detect microbial patterns and trigger responses. Antimicrobial peptides and acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein are also involved in the immune response.

In addition, immunoproteiinit can refer to immunoproteasomes, specialized proteasome variants that process intracellular proteins into peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. This enhances antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells and supports immune surveillance.

Clinical relevance varies with the protein type. Changes in immunoprotein levels can signal infection, autoimmune disease, or inflammation. Abnormalities may reflect immunodeficiency or hyperactive immunity. Therapeutic strategies often target specific immunoproteins, such as monoclonal antibodies or cytokine inhibitors, to treat infectious, inflammatory, or autoimmune conditions. Understanding immunoproteiin dynamics aids diagnosis, monitoring, and the development of targeted therapies.