Immunokemialäpätestin

Immunokemialäpätestin, also known as an immunoassay, is a laboratory method used to detect and quantify substances, particularly antigens or antibodies, in a biological sample. These tests rely on the specific binding interaction between an antibody and its corresponding antigen. This principle forms the basis of many diagnostic tools used in medicine and research.

The fundamental mechanism involves mixing a sample suspected to contain the antigen or antibody with a reagent containing antibodies or antigens, respectively, that have been labeled with a detectable marker. This marker can be a fluorescent dye, an enzyme, a radioactive isotope, or a colloidal gold particle. When the antigen and antibody bind, the marker is brought into proximity with the antigen or antibody, allowing for detection and measurement. The amount of signal generated is proportional to the concentration of the substance being measured.

Various types of immunokemialäpätestin exist, including ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Each type utilizes different detection methods and formats, making them suitable for a range of applications. These assays are crucial for diagnosing infectious diseases, monitoring hormone levels, detecting cancer biomarkers, and identifying allergens, among many other clinical and research purposes. Their specificity and sensitivity contribute to accurate and reliable results in biological analysis.