Immunogeniciteetti

Immunogeniciteetti refers to the ability of a substance, typically an antigen, to provoke an immune response. This response can manifest in various ways, including the production of antibodies by B cells or the activation of T cells. The degree of immunogenicity depends on several factors related to the substance itself and the host's immune system.

Key characteristics of an immunogenic substance include its foreignness, molecular size, chemical complexity, and physical form. Generally, larger, more complex molecules that are significantly different from the host's own components are more likely to be immunogenic. For example, proteins are highly immunogenic, while small, simple molecules like lipids or carbohydrates may be less so or require conjugation to a carrier protein to elicit a strong response.

The immune system's response is also influenced by the route of administration, the dose of the substance, and the genetic makeup of the individual. Adjuvants, substances added to vaccines, can enhance immunogenicity by stimulating a stronger and more prolonged immune response. Understanding immunogenicity is crucial in fields such as vaccine development, allergy research, and the study of autoimmune diseases.