IgGcoated

IgGcoated refers to materials, particles, or cells onto which immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are immobilized, either covalently or non-covalently. The IgG layer enables binding of specific antigens via the antibody’s Fab regions and, depending on the coating strategy, interaction with Fc receptors on immune cells.

Coating methods vary and include physical adsorption, covalent coupling through amine or carboxyl groups (for example NHS-ester or carbodiimide chemistry), and oriented immobilization using Fc-binding proteins such as Protein A or Protein G to present Fc regions outward for defined interactions. The choice of method influences antibody orientation, density, stability, and overall binding performance.

Mechanisms of action for IgG-coated materials center on immune recognition and clearance. IgG can promote opsonization, enhancing phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils via Fc gamma receptors. It may also trigger complement activation and inflammatory responses under certain conditions. The effectiveness of these interactions depends on IgG subclass, coating density, orientation, and the stability of the coating.

Applications span research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In the laboratory, IgG-coated beads are used for immunomagnetic separation and purification; IgG-coated surfaces are employed in affinity capture and diagnostic assays to isolate or detect target antigens. In therapeutics and imaging, IgG-coated nanoparticles or liposomes are explored to achieve targeted delivery or enhanced imaging through Fc receptor–mediated uptake, though safety and manufacturability considerations remain important.

See also: immunoglobulin G, opsonization, Fc receptors, antibody-coated materials.