Idrometallurgical

The term idrometallurgical refers to a branch of hydrometallurgy, which is a process used in metallurgy to extract metals from their ores using aqueous solutions. Idrometallurgy specifically deals with the application of these aqueous processes at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures, typically below the boiling point of water. This distinguishes it from pyrometallurgy, which involves high-temperature processes like smelting.

In idrometallurgical processes, valuable metals are dissolved from the ore using chemical leaching agents. These agents are typically aqueous solutions of acids, bases, or salts, chosen based on the specific metal being extracted and the composition of the ore. Once the metal is in solution, it can be separated from the undissolved gangue material through methods like filtration. The dissolved metal is then recovered from the solution using techniques such as precipitation, solvent extraction, or electrowinning.

Idrometallurgical methods are often preferred for processing low-grade ores, complex ores, or ores containing metals that are difficult to extract by pyrometallurgical means. They can also be more environmentally friendly in some cases, as they often operate at lower temperatures and can generate fewer harmful emissions compared to high-temperature processes. However, idrometallurgical processes can sometimes involve the use of corrosive chemicals and may generate wastewater that requires treatment.