Iacio

iacio is a Latin verb meaning to throw, cast, or hurl. It belongs to the third conjugation of the -io type and is attested in classical Latin as a productive verb for physical throwing as well as figurative uses. Its principal parts are iacio, iacere, ieci, iactum, which provide the basis for its full paradigm.

In the present active indicative, iacio forms iacio, iacis, iacit, iacimus, iacitis, iaciunt. The imperfect active is typically formed with the -iebam pattern: iaciebam, iaciebas, iaciebat, iaciebamus, iaciebatis, iaciebant. The perfect active uses ieci, iecisti, iecit, iecimus, iecistis, iecerunt. The future active forms are iaciam, iacies, iaciet, iaciemus, iacietis, iacient. The supine is iactum, and the perfect passive participle is iactus (with the usual agreement in gender and number). Passive forms exist as with other -io verbs (for example, iiceris, iacitur, iacimur, iacimini, iaciuntur), following standard -io-verb patterns.

Usage notes include a broad range of senses: physically throwing an object (as in throwing a spear or stone), projecting or directing something forward, and, in some contexts, figurative or metaphorical throwing or casting, such as throwing out a proposal or statement. The verb also participates in common Latin compounds and derived forms, including iactare (to throw about, to toss) and iactatio (the act of throwing or boasting).

In etymology, iacio is a core Latin verb with cognates across the Italic languages, reflecting its basic semantic field of projection and motion. It is frequently encountered in Latin literature, including epic, military narratives, and everyday prose.