IXCDXXXVIII

IXCDXXXVIII is a Roman numeral. To convert it to Arabic numerals, we can break it down. IX represents 9 (10 - 1). CD represents 400 (500 - 100). XXX represents 30 (10 + 10 + 10). VIII represents 8 (5 + 1 + 1 + 1). Combining these values, we get 9 + 400 + 30 + 8, which equals 438. Therefore, IXCDXXXVIII is the Roman numeral representation of the Arabic number 438.

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome. The system uses letters to represent numbers. The basic symbols are I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Larger numbers are formed by combining these symbols, generally by adding their values. A smaller numeral placed before a larger numeral indicates subtraction, as seen in IX (9) and CD (400). Conversely, a numeral placed after a larger numeral indicates addition. The order of the symbols and the subtractive principle are crucial for correctly interpreting Roman numerals.