IL28RA

IL28RA, also known as interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1), is a protein encoded by the IL28RA gene in humans. It is a key component of the receptor complex for Type III interferons, which include interferon lambda (IFN-λ) subtypes. This receptor complex is primarily involved in mediating antiviral and immunomodulatory responses in epithelial cells and certain immune cells.

IL28RA forms a heterodimer with IL10RB (interleukin 10 receptor beta), creating the functional receptor for IFN-λ. Upon binding of interferon lambda, this receptor activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These genes encode proteins that inhibit viral replication and modulate immune responses.

The expression of IL28RA is tissue-specific, predominantly found on epithelial surfaces such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, reflecting its role in mucosal immunity. The receptor's activation enhances the body's defense against viral infections with minimal systemic inflammation, contrasting with other interferon types.

IL28RA has garnered interest in the context of viral diseases, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, where polymorphisms in the gene influence treatment responses. Its involvement in immune regulation also positions it as a potential therapeutic target for viral infections and inflammatory conditions.

Understanding IL28RA’s function contributes to insights into innate immunity and the development of antiviral therapies, particularly those harnessing or mimicking interferon lambda pathways. It exemplifies the specificity and adaptability of the immune system’s antiviral mechanisms in mucosal environments.