IL15IL15R

IL15IL15R refers to the interaction between Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a cytokine involved in immune system regulation, and its specific receptor complex, IL-15 receptor (IL-15R). IL-15 plays a critical role in the development, survival, and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, T lymphocytes, and other immune cells, contributing to immune responses against infections and tumors.

The IL-15 receptor complex is composed of three subunits: IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL-15Rα), shared beta chain (IL-2/15Rβ, also known as CD122), and common gamma chain (γc or CD132). IL-15 initially binds with high affinity to IL-15Rα, which can present IL-15 in trans to neighboring cells expressing the beta and gamma chains, facilitating signal transduction.

Upon binding, IL-15 activates signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK, leading to cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This signaling is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and effective immune responses.

IL-15 and its receptor are also being investigated as therapeutic targets and agents for immunotherapy, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases. Recombinant IL-15 or strategies to modulate IL-15/IL-15R interactions are under clinical development to enhance immune system activity.

Overall, the IL-15/IL-15R axis is a key component of the immune system's regulation, with significant implications for immunology research and therapeutic applications.