IL12IL12R

IL12IL12R is a complex of two proteins, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and its receptor, IL-12 receptor (IL-12R), involved in the regulation of the immune system. IL-12 is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the activation of T cells and natural killer cells. It is produced by various cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

The IL-12 receptor, also known as IL-12R, is a transmembrane receptor composed of two subunits: IL-12Rbeta1 and IL-12Rbeta2. These subunits combine to form a functional receptor on the surface of T cells and natural killer cells. Upon binding of IL-12 to the IL-12R, the intracellular signaling pathways are activated, leading to the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

IL-12/IL-12R signaling is essential for the development and coordination of the adaptive immune response against infections, particularly against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania parasites. Dysregulation of the IL-12/IL-12R pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as chronic infections like leprosy and tuberculosis.

Mutations or dysregulation of the IL-12 gene or its receptor have been associated with impaired immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections. Conversely, abnormalities in IL-12 production or receptor expression have been linked to excessive immune activation, contributing to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Research has also highlighted the potential of IL-12 as a therapeutic target for the modulation of the immune response in diseases where excessive inflammation or pathogen evasion is a major concern.