IGF1Rsignaali

IGF1Rsignaali refers to the signaling pathway initiated by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). This receptor is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The binding of its primary ligand, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), to IGF1R triggers a cascade of intracellular events.

Upon ligand binding, IGF1R undergoes autophosphorylation, activating its intrinsic kinase activity. This leads to the recruitment and phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, primarily members of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family. These phosphorylated IRS proteins then serve as docking sites for other signaling proteins, initiating two major pathways: the PI3K/Akt pathway and the Ras/MAPK pathway.

The PI3K/Akt pathway is predominantly involved in promoting cell survival and growth. It regulates metabolic processes and inhibits apoptosis. The Ras/MAPK pathway, on the other hand, is primarily associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulation of the IGF1R signaling pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and growth disorders. In cancer, hyperactivation of IGF1R can promote tumor growth and metastasis. Conversely, impaired IGF1R signaling can contribute to conditions like growth hormone deficiency. Therapeutic strategies targeting IGF1R are being investigated for the treatment of certain cancers and other IGF1R-related conditions.