Hüperkaltseemia

Hüperkaltseemia, also known as hypercalcemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, and bone health. While calcium is vital, excessively high levels can lead to a range of health problems.

The most common cause of hüperkaltseemia is hyperparathyroidism, a disorder where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone. This hormone helps regulate calcium levels, and an excess leads to increased calcium release from bones and enhanced absorption from the digestive tract. Other significant causes include certain cancers, particularly those that metastasize to the bone or produce parathyroid hormone-related protein, and some medications, such as lithium and certain diuretics. Less common causes include prolonged immobilization, excessive intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements, and certain genetic disorders.

Symptoms of hüperkaltseemia can vary depending on the severity and speed of calcium level rise. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, as levels increase, individuals may experience symptoms such as increased thirst and frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, fatigue, bone pain, confusion, and in severe cases, kidney stones, heart rhythm abnormalities, and coma. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure serum calcium levels. Further investigations are then conducted to identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the primary cause and managing calcium levels, which may involve hydration, medications, or surgery.