Hätätilanvalta

Hätätilanvalta refers to the legal powers and measures that can be invoked by a government in Finland during exceptional circumstances or emergencies. These powers are primarily outlined in the Constitution of Finland and the Emergency Powers Act. The purpose of hätätilanvalta is to ensure the safety and security of the public, maintain essential societal functions, and protect national interests when faced with threats that cannot be adequately addressed through normal administrative and legal means.

The invocation of hätätilanvalta requires a formal declaration by the Government of Finland, usually after consultation with the President. Such a declaration is typically made in situations of war, severe natural disasters, widespread public disorder, or other significant threats to national security. The scope and duration of the emergency powers are strictly defined by law and are subject to parliamentary oversight.

When hätätilanvalta is in effect, the Government may be granted enhanced authority to take actions such as restricting fundamental rights, mobilizing resources, issuing decrees with the force of law, and reorganizing public administration. Specific powers might include controlling movement, requisitioning property, and imposing curfews. However, even during an emergency, certain fundamental rights, such as the right to life and prohibition of torture, remain absolute and cannot be suspended. The activation and exercise of these powers are intended to be temporary and proportionate to the severity of the emergency.