Hypopituitarismi

Hypopituitarism is a rare medical condition where the pituitary gland does not produce sufficient amounts of one or more of its hormones. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is often called the "master gland" because it regulates many vital bodily functions by producing hormones that control other endocrine glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. When the pituitary fails to produce adequate hormones, these target glands may also become underactive.

The causes of hypopituitarism are varied and can include pituitary tumors, head injuries, surgery to the pituitary gland, radiation therapy to the head, certain infections like tuberculosis or meningitis, and autoimmune diseases that attack the pituitary gland. In some cases, the cause may be unknown, referred to as idiopathic hypopituitarism. Genetic factors can also play a role in some individuals.

The symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormones are deficient and the severity of the deficiency. They can develop gradually and may be subtle. Depending on the affected hormone, symptoms can include fatigue, unexplained weight changes, loss of libido, infertility, cold intolerance, decreased muscle mass, and changes in mood or cognitive function. In children, growth failure and delayed puberty are common signs.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, a detailed medical history, and blood tests to measure hormone levels. Imaging studies like MRI or CT scans of the pituitary gland may be used to identify underlying causes such as tumors. Treatment for hypopituitarism involves hormone replacement therapy to restore the body's hormone levels to normal. This is usually a lifelong treatment and requires regular monitoring by a healthcare professional.