HyperNaemia

Hypernatremia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. When sodium levels rise above the normal range, it can lead to a variety of symptoms.

The primary cause of hypernatremia is an imbalance between water and sodium in the body, often resulting from insufficient water intake or excessive water loss. Conditions that can contribute to hypernatremia include dehydration, excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, certain kidney diseases, and the use of diuretic medications. Diabetes insipidus, a rare disorder affecting water balance, can also lead to hypernatremia.

Symptoms of hypernatremia can range from mild to severe and may include thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination, weakness, confusion, and irritability. In severe cases, it can cause muscle twitching, seizures, coma, and even death. The rapid onset of hypernatremia is particularly dangerous as it can lead to brain swelling.

Diagnosis of hypernatremia is made through a blood test that measures the sodium concentration. Treatment focuses on gradually lowering the sodium levels by administering fluids, typically intravenously, to restore the body's water balance. The rate at which sodium is corrected is critical to prevent complications. Underlying causes of hypernatremia are also addressed during treatment.