Hvítkornleucytes

Hvítkornleucytes, also known as white blood cells or leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood and lymph. Their primary function is to defend the body against infection and disease. There are several different types of hvítkornleucytes, each with a specialized role.

Neutrophils are the most abundant type and are primarily responsible for engulfing and destroying bacteria and fungi through a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes are involved in the specific immune response, including the production of antibodies by B cells and the direct killing of infected cells by T cells. Monocytes are another type of phagocytic cell that can differentiate into macrophages in tissues, where they continue to clear debris and pathogens. Eosinophils are important in combating parasitic infections and are also involved in allergic reactions. Basophils, the least common type, release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, playing a role in allergic responses and inflammation.

The number of hvítkornleucytes can fluctuate depending on the body's state. An increase in hvítkornleucytes, known as leukocytosis, often indicates an infection or inflammation. Conversely, a decrease, termed leukopenia, can make an individual more susceptible to infections and may be caused by various medical conditions or treatments. The study of hvítkornleucytes is essential in diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of health issues.