Humorálnu

Humorálnu is a term that can refer to several related concepts, primarily within the context of biology and medicine. Most commonly, it pertains to the humoral immune response, a major arm of the adaptive immune system. This response involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes, which circulate in the body's fluids, or humors. These antibodies can then bind to specific antigens on pathogens like bacteria and viruses, marking them for destruction or neutralizing their effects directly.

Beyond the immune system, the term "humoral" can also describe substances or processes that are transported through body fluids. For instance, hormonal regulation is a humoral process, as hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel to target cells throughout the body. Similarly, certain physiological signals or waste products are considered humoral in nature due to their transport via bodily fluids.

In a broader, less scientific context, "humoral" can sometimes be used to describe a prevailing mood or disposition within a group or society, akin to the historical concept of humors influencing temperament. However, in scientific and medical discourse, the primary association remains with the humoral immune system and the circulation of substances within body fluids.