Hromad

Hromad is a transliteration of the Ukrainian word громада, meaning a community or public group. In contemporary usage, it refers to a local self-governing unit and, more broadly, to the civil community of residents within a defined territory. The term may also appear in Latin-script texts as hromad, and the genitive plural form in Ukrainian is громад, sometimes rendered as hromad in transliterations.

Since 2015 Ukraine has implemented decentralization reforms that reorganized local governance into unified territorial hromadas. These entities are formed by amalgamating villages, towns, and cities into a single municipality with its own budget and governance structure. The goal is to bring decision-making closer to residents and to improve the efficiency and sustainability of local services.

A hromada is governed by an elected council and led by a locally elected head, such as a mayor. The council enacts local regulations, approves the budget, and sets development priorities, while the executive body handles day-to-day administration and service delivery. Responsibilities typically include education, healthcare, housing, local roads, utilities, and cultural or community programs.

Etymology and usage: the concept draws on Slavic linguistic roots, with громада meaning a community gathering or assembly in historical contexts. In Ukrainian, громада and its genitive plural громад (hromad) are common, and the term appears widely in discussions of local governance and decentralization. Related topics include decentralization in Ukraine and the system of united territorial communities.