Hovedpulsåren

Hovedpulsåren, also known as the aorta, is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends downwards through the chest and abdomen. The aorta's primary function is to carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It plays a critical role in the circulatory system, ensuring that all tissues and organs receive the vital oxygen and nutrients they need to function.

The aorta is divided into several sections. The ascending aorta is the initial part that rises from the heart. The aortic arch is the curved portion that bends backward and downward. Following this is the descending aorta, which further divides into the thoracic aorta (in the chest) and the abdominal aorta (in the abdomen). Numerous smaller arteries branch off from the aorta at various points, distributing blood to specific areas of the body.

The wall of the aorta is composed of three layers: the intima (innermost), the media (middle, containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers), and the adventitia (outermost). This structure allows the aorta to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart and to maintain blood flow through its elasticity. Conditions affecting the aorta, such as aneurysms or dissections, can be life-threatening due to the large volume of blood it carries.