Holotyyppi

Holotyyppi is a Finnish word that translates to "holotype" in English. In scientific nomenclature, particularly in biology and taxonomy, a holotype is a single specimen, or illustration, on which the description and name of a new species are based. It serves as the definitive reference point for that taxonomic classification.

The concept of the holotype is crucial for maintaining taxonomic stability and ensuring that scientific names are consistently applied. When a scientist describes a new species, they must designate a specific specimen as the holotype. This specimen is then deposited in a recognized museum or scientific institution where it can be accessed and studied by other researchers.

If the original holotype is lost or destroyed, a neotype may be designated. A neotype is a specimen later selected to serve as the type specimen for a taxon when no earlier type exists. However, the holotype remains the primary and most authoritative reference. The process of designating and maintaining holotypes is governed by international codes of nomenclature, such as the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. These codes provide the rules and guidelines for creating and maintaining scientific names and their associated type specimens, ensuring clarity and universality in the scientific community.