Hmérsékletderiváció

Hmérsékletderiváció refers to the rate of change of temperature with respect to altitude, often observed in Earth's atmosphere. This concept is fundamental to understanding atmospheric stability and processes such as convection and cloud formation. The standard atmospheric temperature lapse rate, or the average rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude, is approximately 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer. However, this value is an average and can vary significantly depending on geographical location, time of day, and meteorological conditions.

In meteorology, the environmental lapse rate is the actual temperature profile of the atmosphere. When the environmental lapse rate is greater than the adiabatic lapse rate (the rate at which a parcel of air cools as it rises and expands), the atmosphere is considered unstable. This instability can lead to the vertical development of clouds and potentially severe weather. Conversely, if the environmental lapse rate is less than the adiabatic lapse rate, the atmosphere is stable, suppressing vertical motion and limiting cloud development.

Understanding hmérsékletderiváció is crucial for aviation, as temperature changes affect air density and aircraft performance. It also plays a role in climate modeling and the study of atmospheric phenomena like inversions, where temperature increases with altitude, creating a stable layer that can trap pollutants near the ground.