Hliníhidrid

Hliníhidrid, also known as aluminum hydride, is a chemical compound with the formula AlH3. It is a white solid and is highly reactive, particularly with water and oxygen. Hliníhidrid exists in various polymeric forms, with the most common and stable being the polymer poly(aluminum hydride). This polymer is essentially a network of aluminum and hydrogen atoms.

The synthesis of hliníhidrid typically involves the reduction of aluminum compounds. A common method is the reaction of lithium aluminum hydride with aluminum chloride in an ethereal solvent. Other methods include the high-pressure reaction of aluminum and hydrogen, though this requires specialized equipment.

Due to its high reactivity and potential for explosive decomposition, hliníhidrid is not commonly used in laboratories. However, it has found niche applications as a powerful reducing agent in organic synthesis, particularly for the reduction of functional groups that are resistant to other common reducing agents. Its potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material has also been explored, though challenges related to its stability and the energy required for hydrogen release remain significant hurdles for practical applications. The decomposition of hliníhidrid releases hydrogen gas and solid aluminum.