Hiukkaspöly

Hiukkaspöly, often referred to as particulate matter (PM), is a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. These particles vary greatly in size, composition, and origin. The size of the particles is a crucial factor in their environmental and health impacts, with finer particles capable of penetrating deeper into the respiratory system.

The sources of hiukkaspöly are diverse. Natural sources include dust from erosion, sea salt spray, volcanic ash, and pollen. Human activities, however, are a significant contributor to elevated levels of hiukkaspöly. These anthropogenic sources include the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles and power plants, industrial processes, agricultural activities like tilling and harvesting, and domestic heating, particularly the burning of wood.

The composition of hiukkaspöly is equally varied, depending on its source. It can contain sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, carbonaceous compounds (such as black carbon and organic carbon), metals, and mineral dust. This complex composition influences how the particles interact with the atmosphere and living organisms.

Hiukkaspöly has well-documented effects on human health. Exposure to fine particulate matter has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, heart attacks, and strokes. It can also exacerbate existing health conditions and contribute to premature mortality. Environmentally, hiukkaspöly can reduce visibility, damage buildings and ecosystems through deposition, and play a role in climate change. Efforts to monitor and reduce hiukkaspöly emissions are ongoing globally.