Histomoniasis

Histomoniasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis, which primarily affects poultry, particularly chickens. The infection is transmitted through contaminated feed, water, or soil, and can also occur through direct contact with infected birds. Symptoms in affected chickens may include ruffled feathers, reduced appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss. In severe cases, the infection can lead to death.

The diagnosis of histomoniasis is typically made through microscopic examination of fecal samples, where the characteristic trophozoites and cysts of the parasite can be observed. Treatment options are limited and often ineffective, as the parasite is resistant to many common antimicrobials. Prevention is crucial and involves maintaining good hygiene practices, such as disinfecting feed and water sources, and avoiding contact with infected birds. Vaccination is not available for histomoniasis, making prevention through biosecurity measures essential. The economic impact of histomoniasis on the poultry industry is significant, as it can lead to substantial losses in productivity and profitability.