Hipernatrémia

Hipernatrémia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, and blood pressure. In hipernatrémia, the sodium concentration in the blood exceeds the normal range, typically above 145 mmol/L.

Hipernatrémia can be caused by various factors, including excessive sodium intake, certain medications, dehydration, and underlying medical conditions such as diabetes insipidus or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). It can also result from rapid correction of hyponatremia, a condition of low sodium levels in the blood.

The symptoms of hipernatrémia can vary depending on the severity and the rate at which the sodium levels rise. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more severe cases can lead to confusion, seizures, coma, and even death. The diagnosis of hipernatrémia is typically made through blood tests that measure sodium levels.

Treatment for hipernatrémia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In mild cases, hydration and electrolyte replacement may be sufficient. In more severe cases, medical intervention such as intravenous fluids and medications to correct electrolyte imbalances may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of hipernatrémia are present, as prompt treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes.