Hienomotoria

Hienomotoria refers to the process by which sweat glands are activated and controlled. This intricate physiological mechanism is primarily managed by the sympathetic nervous system, although it is distinct from the sympathetic control of blood vessels which typically uses norepinephrine. Instead, the sympathetic nerves that innervate sweat glands release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

The activation of sweat glands can be triggered by various stimuli. Thermal stress, such as increased body temperature due to exercise or environmental heat, is a major driver. Emotional states, like stress or anxiety, can also stimulate sweating through the release of adrenaline. Furthermore, certain foods, particularly spicy ones, can induce gustatory sweating.

Once stimulated, acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the sweat gland cells, initiating a cascade of events that leads to the production and secretion of sweat. Sweat itself is a fluid that plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, helping to cool the body through evaporation. The precise control of hienomotoria ensures that the body can efficiently maintain its internal temperature under a wide range of conditions. Disruptions to this system can lead to conditions like hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) or anhidrosis (inability to sweat).