Hidrojeni

Hidrojeni is the chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, comprising a large share of stars and gas giants. On Earth, most hydrogen is bound in water (H2O) and organic compounds; free hydrogen gas (H2) is relatively scarce in the atmosphere.

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, diatomic gas at standard conditions. It has a very low density and is highly flammable, capable of forming explosive mixtures with air. It exists in several isotopes, the most common being protium (1H) and deuterium (2H); tritium (3H) is radioactive and used in research and specialized applications. Hydrogen’s chemical reactivity leads to widespread use in industrial processes and chemical synthesis.

Industrial production of hydrogen is dominated by processes that split other compounds. The most common method is steam methane reforming, which produces hydrogen from natural gas. Other routes include coal gasification and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Electrolysis of water, powered by renewable or low-emission electricity, yields “green” hydrogen. Hydrogen can also be produced biologically or through other specialized technologies. It is often stored and transported as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and it can be blended with natural gas in some pipelines under specific conditions.

Uses for hydrogen are diverse. It is essential for ammonia synthesis via the Haber-Bosch process, and it is used in oil refining, hydrogenation reactions, and metal processing. In energy contexts, hydrogen serves as an energy carrier and fuel for fuel cells, with potential to help decarbonize heavy industry and long-range transport. Safety considerations include its flammability, tendency to leak and spread, and the need for appropriate containment and handling practices.