Hidrogénelektrodát

Hidrogénelektrodát refers to a hydrogen electrode, a crucial component in electrochemistry. It is an electrode where hydrogen gas is involved in a redox reaction. The most common form is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), which serves as a reference point for measuring electrode potentials of other half-cells. In the SHE, hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1 bar is bubbled over a platinum surface, which is immersed in a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 M. The SHE is assigned a potential of 0 volts at standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 bar).

Beyond its use as a standard, hydrogen electrodes are employed in various electrochemical applications. They can be used as working electrodes to study the kinetics of hydrogen evolution or hydrogen oxidation reactions. In fuel cells, a hydrogen electrode acts as the anode where hydrogen molecules are oxidized, releasing electrons and protons. These electrons then flow through an external circuit, generating electrical energy. Conversely, in electrolysis, a hydrogen electrode can serve as the cathode where protons are reduced to form hydrogen gas. The material of the electrode, often platinum or its alloys, plays a significant role in its catalytic activity and efficiency. Understanding the behavior and properties of hidrogénelektrodát is fundamental to advancements in areas like energy storage, renewable energy technologies, and chemical sensing.