Hidrografinë

Hidrografinë, commonly referred to as Hydrografin, is a water-soluble iodinated contrast agent used in diagnostic radiology to improve visualization of bodies’ structures during X-ray based imaging. It belongs to the class of iodinated contrast media and works by increasing the radiodensity of tissues that it saturates, thereby enhancing contrast on imaging studies.

The preparation is typically supplied as aqueous solutions and is administered by healthcare professionals through intravenous, intra-arterial, or intrathecal routes, depending on the procedure. It has historically been described as a high-osmolar, ionic contrast agent, though newer formulations and alternatives with lower osmolarity are available in some settings.

Common clinical uses include imaging of the urinary tract (urography), biliary and gastrointestinal tract studies, angiography, and myelography. It may also be used to opacify vascular structures or specific hollow organs during interventional or diagnostic procedures. The exact dosing and route depend on the indication and patient factors.

Adverse effects range from mild to more serious reactions. Possible effects include nausea, vomiting, a warm or flushed sensation, and, in some cases, hypersensitivity or anaphylactoid reactions. Nephrotoxicity is a concern in patients with reduced kidney function or dehydration. Local extravasation can cause tissue injury. Thyroid function can be transiently affected due to iodine load. Contraindications include known hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media and severe renal impairment or dehydration. Premedication and hydration strategies may be employed to reduce risk, and facilities should be equipped to manage potential adverse reactions.

History and status: Hidrografinë originated as part of the development of iodinated contrast media in the mid-20th century. Over time, safer, lower-osmolar options have become more common, but older products remain in use in some regions or for specific indications. See also iodinated contrast media.