Hermoverkko

Hermoverkko, literally a nerve network, refers to the interconnected system of nerves that enables sensation, movement, and autonomic regulation in organisms. In a broad sense it encompasses networks within the central nervous system as well as the peripheral nervous system, which together coordinate body-wide signals.

Structure and components: A nerve network is built from neurons and glial cells. In the peripheral nervous system, axons bundle into nerves and form plexuses that distribute sensory information and motor commands to muscles and organs. Supporting cells such as Schwann cells promote myelination of peripheral fibers, while in the central nervous system myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes and glial cells such as astrocytes contribute to network stability and signaling.

Function: Nerve networks transmit information through electrical impulses and chemical signaling at synapses. Sensory neurons convey input from the body to the brain, interneurons process and integrate signals, and motor neurons deliver commands to effectors. Networks underlie reflexes, perception, movement planning, and higher cognitive processes, with neural circuits specialized for different tasks.

Development and disease: Nerve networks develop from embryonic neural tissue and exhibit plasticity throughout life. The peripheral nervous system has a greater capacity for regeneration after injury than the central nervous system, where repair is hindered by inhibitory environments and scar formation. Disorders of nerve networks include neuropathies, radiculopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases, which can impair sensation, strength, coordination, or autonomic function.

See also: nervous system, neurons, synapses, myelination, neuropathy.