Hermokompressiooireyhtymät

Hermokompressiooireyhtymät, also known as nerve entrapment syndromes, occur when a nerve is compressed or squeezed, leading to a variety of symptoms. This compression can happen anywhere along the nerve's pathway, from the spinal cord to its termination in the extremities. Common causes include repetitive motions, prolonged awkward postures, trauma, swelling, anatomical abnormalities, and medical conditions like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.

The symptoms of hermokompressiooireyhtymät depend on which nerve is affected and the location of the compression. Typically, these symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the area supplied by the compressed nerve. For instance, carpal tunnel syndrome, a common hermokompressiooireyhtymä, affects the median nerve in the wrist, causing pain and numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Sciatica is another example, where compression of the sciatic nerve root causes pain radiating down the leg.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function. Imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI may also be used to identify the cause of compression. Treatment aims to relieve the pressure on the nerve. Conservative measures include rest, activity modification, splinting, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications. If these are insufficient, surgical decompression of the nerve may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent permanent nerve damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a good prognosis.