Hermokasvutekijät

Hermokasvutekijät, often abbreviated as NGF (Nerve Growth Factors), are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development, survival, and function of nerve cells. They are essential for the proper growth and maintenance of the nervous system throughout life. These molecules act as signaling proteins, binding to specific receptors on the surface of neurons. This binding initiates intracellular signaling cascades that influence gene expression, leading to various cellular responses.

One of the most well-studied NGFs is the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). NT-3 is involved in the development of sensory and sympathetic neurons. Other members of the neurotrophin family, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), also contribute to neuronal survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity. Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

NGFs are produced by various tissues and cell types, including non-neuronal cells, and are secreted into the extracellular environment. They can act locally on nearby neurons or be transported over longer distances. Dysregulation of NGF signaling has been implicated in a range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as pain and psychiatric conditions. Research into NGFs continues to explore their therapeutic potential for treating these conditions.