Heraclidae

The Heraclidae, meaning "descendants of Heracles," refers to a legendary dynastic family in ancient Greek mythology and history. According to myth, they were the descendants of the hero Heracles, son of Zeus and Alcmene. After Heracles' death, his children and grandchildren were driven from the Peloponnese by Eurystheus, but were eventually able to return. This "Return of the Heracleidae" is a significant myth, often cited as explaining the Dorian invasion and the subsequent settlement of the Peloponnese by the Dorians.

Historically, the Heraclidae are associated with the ruling families of several ancient Greek city-states, most notably Sparta. The Spartan kingship was traditionally held by two Heraclid dynasties, the Agiads and the Eurypontids. This claim of descent from Heracles lent legitimacy and divine sanction to their rule. The myth also features in the lineage of various other royal houses, underscoring its importance in establishing authority and historical continuity in the ancient Greek world. The stories of the Heraclidae often served to connect rulers to the heroic past and to justify their claims to power.