Hemarthrose

Hemarthrose is a medical term that describes bleeding into a joint. This condition occurs when blood vessels within the joint capsule rupture, leading to an accumulation of blood within the joint space. The most common cause of hemarthrose is trauma, such as a direct blow to the joint, a fracture, or a dislocation. It can also be a complication of certain bleeding disorders, like hemophilia, or can arise from the use of anticoagulant medications.

The symptoms of hemarthrose typically include pain, swelling, and a feeling of stiffness in the affected joint. The joint may also appear visibly swollen and may be warm to the touch. Depending on the amount of bleeding, the joint's range of motion can be significantly reduced. In cases of severe bleeding, the joint may feel tight and tense.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays to assess for fractures or other injuries. Ultrasound or MRI can provide more detailed visualization of the soft tissues and the extent of bleeding. Treatment focuses on stopping the bleeding, reducing pain and swelling, and restoring joint function. This may involve rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), pain medication, and in some cases, aspiration of the excess blood from the joint. For individuals with underlying bleeding disorders, treatment also includes managing their specific condition. Recurrent hemarthrose can lead to chronic joint damage, including osteoarthritis.