Heliolithic

Heliolithic is a term that has been used to describe a supposed ancient architectural or cultural practice involving the sun. Specifically, it has been associated with theories suggesting the deliberate use of solar alignments or celestial observations in the construction of ancient structures, particularly megalithic ones. The term itself is derived from "helios" meaning sun and "lithos" meaning stone.

The concept of heliolithic practices gained some traction in early 20th-century archaeological and pseudo-archaeological circles. Proponents suggested that ancient peoples, particularly those who built sites like Stonehenge, possessed a sophisticated understanding of astronomy and incorporated this knowledge into their stone constructions. This often involved aligning stones with solstices, equinoxes, or other significant celestial events.

However, the term "heliolithic" and the broader theories it represents are not widely accepted within mainstream archaeology and archaeoastronomy. While many ancient sites do exhibit astronomical alignments, the interpretation of these alignments and the attribution of a specific, unified "heliolithic" system is often considered speculative or lacking in robust evidence. Modern archaeoastronomy focuses on rigorous analysis of individual sites and cultures, carefully distinguishing between intentional alignments and accidental correlations. The term is now rarely used in academic discourse.