Hegira

The Hegira, also spelled Hijra, refers to the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622 CE. This event is considered a pivotal moment in Islamic history, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar, known as the Hijri calendar.

Prior to the Hegira, Muhammad and his early followers faced increasing persecution and hostility from the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, who were the custodians of the Kaaba and its polytheistic traditions. The Meccan leadership viewed Muhammad's monotheistic message and growing following as a threat to their social, economic, and religious authority. After receiving divine permission to migrate, Muhammad and his companions left Mecca under the cover of darkness.

Upon their arrival in Medina, Muhammad was welcomed and established a new community based on Islamic principles. He acted not only as a religious leader but also as a political and social arbiter, laying the foundation for the burgeoning Islamic state. The Hegira transformed the early Muslim community from a persecuted minority into a self-governing entity with the freedom to practice and spread their faith. The event's significance is deeply embedded in Islamic tradition, symbolizing a new beginning and a triumph of faith over adversity.