Happoemärititraus

Happoemärititraus, also known as acid-base titration, is a common laboratory method used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or a base. This quantitative chemical analysis technique involves reacting a solution of known concentration (the titrant) with a solution of unknown concentration (the analyte) until the reaction reaches a point of equivalence, where the moles of acid and base are stoichiometrically equal.

The process typically involves a burette to deliver the titrant precisely, a flask containing the analyte, and an indicator solution. Indicators are substances that change color at or very near the equivalence point. Common indicators include phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions, and methyl orange, which is red in acidic solutions and yellow in basic solutions. Alternatively, a pH meter can be used to monitor the pH change throughout the titration, allowing for the precise determination of the equivalence point.

During the titration, the titrant is slowly added to the analyte while swirling the flask. As the titrant is added, the reaction between the acid and base occurs. The indicator's color change signals that the equivalence point has been reached. By recording the volume of titrant added at this point and knowing the concentration of the titrant, the concentration of the analyte can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method is widely used in chemistry for various applications, including determining the concentration of household substances, analyzing water samples, and in pharmaceutical quality control.